A technique in black box testing is equivalence partitioning. Equivalence partitioning is designed to minimize the number of test cases by dividing tests in such a way that the system is expected to act the same way for all tests of each equivalence partition. Test inputs would be selected from each partition.
Suppose you want to write test cases to check month field. The valid month range will be 1 to 12 stranding from Jan to Dec. This will be valid range of partition. Invalid partition will be <=0 and second invalid range will be >=13.
By using equivalence partitioning you can reduce number of test cases. and you can select right test cases to cover all scenarios.
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